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This article identifies political practices that simultaneously increase negotiation effectiveness and democratic legitimacy as key enabling factors for democratic legal reform. This finding goes against the Habermasian idea that success‐oriented negotiations run counter to the logic of reason‐based deliberations that are necessary to produce democratic legitimacy. Based on the sequence of practices that led to the 2007 transparency reform in Mexico, I offer several examples of how negotiation effectiveness and democratic legitimacy may reinforce each other. I conclude that champions of democratic reform need to engage in action that is both strategic and communicative to move beyond weak democracies or hybrid regimes toward more democratic institutions. Practices such as deliberation in small, but plural working groups, or the detailed discussion of specific policy options in plural public forums are examples of practices that may add democratic legitimacy and negotiation effectiveness to a reform process. Effective and legitimate reform processes might also entail some degree of compromise with powerful de facto veto players, so long as the negotiation process is steered toward the effective institutionalization of insight acquired communicatively.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relation between estate transformations produced during the governments of the Citizen Revolution (CR) in Ecuador (2007-2017) and welfare regime transformations. Design/methodology/approach: The CR's project registers an array of specificities that make it a relevant case study to understand it. Among them, it articulated the transformation of the development model with a comprehensive state reform: emphasized both the modernization of the state and the productive structure, and the creation of the basic pillars of a welfare state. The ambitious project materialized in an ambivalent manner, revealing accomplishments and limitations. Findings: The recovery of resources for the state, the efficient organization of resources, decentralization and deconcentration processes, public administration transformations and policy de-corporatization processes accompanied and even propelled important achievements in the social sphere in terms of decommodification, stratification, commodification and defamiliarization. Ecuador's starting point, as a small and impoverished country with pubic and communal goods and services dismantled through neoliberal reforms, was quite precarious. But, progress was made. Beyond the identified limitations, its accomplishments must be highlighted because they are novel in comparison to other progressive government experiences, especially in the context of Central Andean countries. Originality/value: This article vindicates the need to link state transformation processes to welfare regime transformations, as well as the academic literature that informs both fields. The description of what took place in Ecuador in the field of social welfare during the ten years of the CR continues to confirm the theoretical potential of the concept of welfare regime with the necessary translations and appropriations that allow for the analysis of countries in the region. It enables an approach to a more theoretically and methodologically elusive object that is ...

"This Handbook is the key reference for contemporary historical and political approaches to gender in Central-Eastern Europe and Eurasia. Leading scholars examine the region's highly diverse politics, histories, cultures, ethnicities, and religions, and how these structures intersect with gender alongside class, sexuality, coloniality, and racism. Comprising 50 chapters, the Handbook is divided into six thematic parts: Part 1 Conceptual Debates and Methodological Differences Part 2 Feminist and Women's Movements Cooperating and Colliding Part 3 Constructions of Gender in Different Ideologies Part 4 Lived Experience of the Individual in Different Regimes Part 5 The Ambiguous Postcommunist Transitions Part 6 Postcommunist Policy Issues With a focus on defining debates, the collection considers how the shared experiences, especially communism, affect political forces' organization of gender through a broad variety of topics including feminisms, ideology, violence, independence, regime transition, and public policy. It is a foundational collection that will become invaluable to scholars and students across a range of disciplines including Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies and Central-Eastern Europe and Eurasian Studies"--

Este artículo analiza los procesos políticos que hicieron posible las reformas energética y educativa en México durante el periodo 2013-2014. Con base en entrevistas a profundidad con actores clave, este artículo muestra la relevancia de los recursos políticos (poder de veto y establecimiento de agenda) de los que disponen los actores que forman parte de la coalición promotora de los cambios, más allá de las ideas que enarbolan para justificar la idoneidad de los mismos. Basado en una estrategia comparativa de tipo most different, el trabajo muestra la importancia que tiene que el Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) haya pasado a formar parte de la coalición reformista, desde su llegada al gobierno, y en particular el haber podido cooptar a los actores de veto predominantes, que limitaron —durante las administraciones del Partido Acción Nacional— el alcance de los anteriores intentos de reforma: el Sindicato de Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) y el Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación (SNTE). Palabras clave: Reformas, ideas políticas, actores de veto, políticas, México

Carroll County is located in Southwestern Virginia. It is bordered by Patrick County to the southeast, Floyd County to the east, Pulaski and Wythe Counties to the north, Grayson County and the City of Galax to the west, and Surry County, North Carolina to the south. The Town of Hillsville is the countys Seat of Government and lies near the geographic center of the county. Interstate 77, which runs from Ohio to South Carolina- a distance of 611 miles- divides the county in half. Carroll County is the first County in Virginia to become designated through the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) for sponsored landscaping around all of the interstate interchanges on I-77 in the County. The four interchanges, listed from north to south, include: Exit 19 (Wildwood), 14 (Hillsville/Galax), 8 (Fancy Gap), 1 (not named). VDOT requires a design for each of the interchanges, so the County contacted the Community Design Assistance Center to develop an overall theme that could be applied to all 1-77 Carroll County interchanges as well as to develop a conceptual landscape design for Exit 19. ; Cover title. ; CDAC project team: Elizabeth Gilboy, director; Kim Steika, Jordan Clough, Mara Grossman, I. Caroline Wallace. ; "July 2009."

Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of a family of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases (HDAC) that play diverse roles in cellular metabolism and especially for aging process. SIRT2 is located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), and has been reported to regulate a variety of processes including oxidative stress, genome integrity, and myelination. However, little is known about the role of SIRT2 in the nervous system specifically during aging. Here, we show that middle-aged, 13-month-old mice lacking SIRT2 exhibit locomotor dysfunction due to axonal degeneration, which was not present in young SIRT2 mice. In addition, these Sirt2−/− mice exhibit mitochondrial depletion resulting in energy failure, and redox dyshomeostasis. Our results provide a novel link between SIRT2 and physiological aging impacting the axonal compartment of the central nervous system, while supporting a major role for SIRT2 in orchestrating its metabolic regulation. This underscores the value of SIRT2 as a therapeutic target in the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases that undergo with axonal degeneration associated with redox and energetic dyshomeostasis. ; This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Institute for Health Carlos III and 'Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Union Europea, una manera de hacer Europa' [FIS PI11/01043, FIS PI14/00410], the Autonomous Government of Catalonia [SGR 2014SGR1430] to A.P., The Spanish Institute for Health Carlos III and 'Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Union Europea, una manera de hacer Europa' [Miguel Servet program CP11/00080, CPII16/00016, FIS PI15/ 00857] to S.F. and the Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) to M.R., and the Spanish Institute for Health Carlos III and FEDER funds from European Union ('A way to build Europe') [FIS grants PI14/01115, PI13/00584, and PI14/00328], Foundation La Marató de TV3 [345/C/2014], and the Autonomous Government of Catalonia [2014SGR168] to M.J., M.P.O., and R.P. The studies conducted at the Chromatin Biology Laboratory were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness-MINECO [SAF2011-25860, SAF2014-55964R] to A.V.

Animal models are invaluable for biomedical research, especially in the context of rare diseases, which have a very low prevalence and are often complex. Concretely mouse models provide key information on rare disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies that cannot be obtained by using only alternative methods, and greatly contribute to accelerate the development of new therapeutic options for rare diseases. Despite this, the use of experimental animals remains controversial. The combination of respectful management, ethical laws and transparency regarding animal experimentation contributes to improve society's opinion about biomedical research and positively impacts on research quality, which eventually also benefits patients. Here we present examples of current advances in preclinical research in rare diseases using mouse models, together with our perspective on future directions and challenges. ; This work was supported by a grant from the Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (ER18GDT761) to SM-C. Additional support came from: Multi Target and View FEDER/CM-B2017/BMD-3688 and MINECO/FEDER SAF2017-86107-R grants to SM-C and IV-N; CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya, Autonomous Government of Catalonia (2017SGR1206), and CIBERER (ACCI18-27) to AP; Miguel Servet program CPII16/00016 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III co-funded by European Social Fund ESF) to SF; CNIC (ISCIII, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades), Pro CNIC Foundation, Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505) to BI and EO; Generalitat de Catalunya (Grups consolidats 2017 SGR 926) to MD. EO was beneficiary of a grant from "Programa de Atracción de Talento" of Comunidad de Madrid (2017-T1/BMD-5185). SM-C holds a ISCiii CIBER postdoctoral researcher contract. The work at CRG was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.